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Sector

Careers in Scientific Research

Scientific research advances knowledge in physical, biological, and social sciences — often at universities, government labs, or research institutions. Hybrid work possible with high credential requirements.

927K
U.S. jobs
In this sector
$91K
Median salary
Across all roles
Scientific Research jobs by metro area
Bubble size = total employment
Scientific Research employment by metro · ~393 areas
1.New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ17K
2.Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH12K
3.Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA11K
4.Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV11K
5.San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA8K

Jobs per 100K workforce — measures industry density

1.Durham-Chapel Hill, NC514.2
2.Boulder, CO447.6
3.Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH437.8
4.Lexington Park, MD428.9
5.Trenton-Princeton, NJ426
BLS OEWS May 2024
Understanding this Sector
What it's like to work in Scientific Research

Scientific research advances knowledge through systematic inquiry — there's profound satisfaction in discovery, contributing to human understanding, and work driven by curiosity. Many find meaning in the pursuit of knowledge.

The challenge can come from funding uncertainty and career structure. Research depends on grants; funding is competitive and uncertain. Academic paths are difficult; tenure-track positions are scarce. Publication pressure is intense. Timelines to results are long.

The field varies by discipline and setting. Life sciences differ from physical sciences, social sciences, or interdisciplinary research. Academic research operates differently than government, industry, or nonprofit labs. Principal investigators differ from research staff.

For those who thrive here, the rewards are profound: intellectual discovery, advancing knowledge, academic freedom in some settings, and contributing to science. If you're driven by curiosity, patient with uncertainty, and want research-centered careers, science offers meaningful work despite the structural challenges.

How people break in

PhD typical for research scientist positions. Postdoctoral training common in academia. Lab experience through graduate programs. Technical expertise in specific fields essential.

Work environment tends toward
PhD typicalPublication importantLaboratory workFunding-driven (academia)Technical specialization
Industries it connects to
Higher EducationHealthcareTechnologyGovernment
Salary vs. national average
+29%
$91K median vs. $71K national
$239K$179K$119K$60K$0K$16K$37K$150K$239K*387 metro areas across 50 states, sorted by salary level →
Salary range across all scientific research roles
Where your dollar goes furthest
1. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara$90K
2. Boulder$77K
3. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria$74K
4. Trenton-Princeton$70K
5. Durham-Chapel Hill$69K
BLS OEWS May 2024
* Top salaries exceed this figure. BLS caps reported wages at ~$240K to protect individual privacy in high-earning roles.

Median salaries range from ~$70K in mid-market metros to ~$102K in top-tier cities. But cost of living closes a lot of that gap — metros with lower regional price parities often offer the best purchasing power.

Highest paying
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara · $102K
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont · $87K
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria · $80K
Best purchasing power
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara · $90K adj.
Boulder · $77K adj.
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria · $74K adj.
Most jobs
New York · 24.9M
Los Angeles · 16.5M
Chicago · 12M
BLS OEWS May 2024 · BEA Regional Price Parities

What the data says about this sector

Beyond salary and job counts — signals that shape the day-to-day experience of working in Scientific Research.

🚪
Annual Quit Rate
Based on all Professional Services data
25%
Higher than average turnover. This could indicate challenging conditions, seasonal work, or abundant external opportunities.
3%vs. 22% all industries
🏢
Typical Employer Size
Small-skewed
Small businesses dominate. More variety in roles but less formal structure and benefits.
88%
Small
<50
9%
Mid
50–249
3%
Large
250+
🏠
Remote / Hybrid Prevalence
Hybrid common
Many roles can be done remotely. Location flexibility is a realistic expectation.
Mostly on-siteHybrid commonRemote-first
📋
Credential Density
Moderate-high
Most roles don't require formal credentials. Skills and experience matter more than certificates.
Few credentialsSome requiredMany required
🤝
Union Presence
Based on all Professional Services data
~1%
Minimal union coverage means compensation is individually negotiated. Know your market rate going in.
1%vs. 11% all industries
BLS JOLTS 2024 · BLS QCEW 2024 · O*NET Work Context · BLS Union Members Summary 2024
Career Tracks

Career tracks in Scientific Research

How jobs in this sector break down by function, and what they typically pay.

Engineering · Consulting engineers work on diverse projects across industries. Client variety, complex problems, path to PE license and partnership.
14%
$98K median
Explore →
Science · Research labs, testing facilities, and scientific consulting firms serving clients across industries with specialized expertise.
11%
$90K median
Explore →
Technology · IT consulting, software development firms, and tech services companies — building custom solutions and providing technical expertise to clients.
11%
$92K median
Explore →
Business Operations · Consulting firms, law offices, and agencies need you to keep the machine running. Client-facing pressure, high standards, fast pace. You'll learn operational excellence.
10%
$96K median
Explore →
Admin & Office · Law firms, consulting, and agencies run on admin excellence. High expectations, fast pace, client visibility. You'll master systems and become indispensable.
8%
$74K median
Explore →
Healthcare · Healthcare consulting, medical device sales support, and clinical research. Business side of healthcare with clinical background.
7%
$90K median
Explore →
Median salary for occupations employed within Scientific Research. BLS OEWS May 2024.

Explore careers in Scientific Research

Understand your strengths, plan your next move, and build your career record.

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Federal data: BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (May 2024) · BLS JOLTS 2024 · BLS QCEW 2024 · O*NET Work Context · BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034
Truest editorial: Industry narrative, sector context, career track mapping, working signals analysis.