Career Track

Science Careers

Science careers span research, analysis, and application across disciplines—from lab technicians running experiments to research scientists pursuing discoveries to data scientists extracting insights. This track advances human knowledge and applies scientific methods to real problems. It's rigorous work that rewards curiosity and precision.

$17K$239K+
Salary range
By experience level
20.9M
U.S. jobs
Across all roles
Science jobs by metro area
Bubble size = total employment
Science employment by metro · ~387 areas
BLS OEWS May 2024
Understanding this Track
Scientific work is about systematic inquiry—formulating questions, designing investigations, analyzing evidence, and drawing conclusions. It requires comfort with uncertainty and the patience to pursue answers that may take years to find. Most experiments fail; what you learn from failure matters as much as success.

At entry levels, you'll support research efforts—running procedures, maintaining equipment, processing data. You're learning technique and developing instincts for what makes good science. Mid-level roles often involve designing and leading your own research or applying scientific methods in applied settings. Senior scientists may lead labs, set research agendas, or translate findings into real-world applications.

Academic and industry science paths diverge significantly. Academic careers offer intellectual freedom but limited positions and the publish-or-perish pressure. Industry roles offer better compensation and applied impact but less autonomy. Many scientists move between sectors throughout their careers.

People who thrive in science are genuinely curious and find satisfaction in understanding how things work. They're rigorous about evidence and willing to change their minds when data warrant. They have patience for slow progress and tolerance for failed experiments. They can communicate complex ideas clearly.

Publications and citations
Research grants
Discoveries and innovations
Data quality
Project completion
Mentee success
Common education paths
Common degrees: Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Certifications: Lab certifications, Specialized technique training

Scientific careers typically require relevant degrees. Lab technician roles are accessible with bachelor's degrees. Research positions usually require advanced degrees. Undergraduate research experience is important for graduate school admission. Industry values skills over pedigree more than academia does.

Employment & Pay Data

How science employment and salaries have changed over time, and how pay varies by location.

How this track is changing

$77K$74K$71K$68K$65K201920202021202220232024$65K$77K
BLS OEWS · BLS Employment Projections
$239K$179K$119K$60K$0K$17K$45K$51K$239K*387 metro areas across 50 states, sorted by salary level →
Salary range across all science roles
Where your dollar goes furthest
1. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara$107K
2. Huntsville$98K
3. Boulder$96K
4. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria$92K
5. Trenton-Princeton$90K
BLS OEWS May 2024
* Top salaries exceed this figure. BLS caps reported wages at ~$240K to protect individual privacy in high-earning roles.

Median salaries range from ~$92K in mid-market metros to ~$121K in top-tier cities. But cost of living closes a lot of that gap — metros with lower regional price parities often offer the best purchasing power.

Highest paying
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara · $121K
Lexington Park · $111K
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont · $109K
Best purchasing power
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara · $107K adj.
Huntsville · $98K adj.
Boulder · $96K adj.
Most jobs
New York · 1.2M
Los Angeles · 818K
Chicago · 553K
BLS OEWS May 2024 · BEA Regional Price Parities
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Career Growth Levels

Roles in science from entry-level to executive, showing how careers grow and progress.

SeniorSee example roles
Senior Cause AnalystSenior Forensic ScientistSenior Biometric Fingerprint Technician (Biometric Fingerprint Tech)Senior Organizational Development And Training Specialist (Od And Training Specialist)Senior Program Services PlannerSenior Bioinformatics SpecialistSenior Microarray SpecialistSenior Chemical Laboratory Technician (Chemical Lab Technician)Senior Downstream TechnicianSenior Infection Prevention Specialistmore →
Related Careers & Skills

Based on federal workforce data across science occupations.

Research methodology
Data analysis
Technical writing
Laboratory techniques
Critical thinking
Attention to detail
Grant writing
Research leadership
Cross-disciplinary collaboration
Innovation and patents
Science communication
Regulatory coordination
Business development
Manufacturing translation
Clinical partnership
Core
Differentiating
Cross-functional

Tracks that science teams collaborate with most.

Applied research, technology transfer, prototype development, technical validation.
Patents, intellectual property, research compliance, regulatory submissions.
Research grants, project budgets, funding proposals, cost tracking.
Clinical trials, medical research, health outcomes, patient studies.

Map your path in Science

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Federal data: BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (May 2024) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034 · O*NET OnLine 29.0 · BEA Regional Price Parities
Truest editorial: Track narrative, industry context, career progression analysis, cross-functional mapping, skills aggregation, geographic analysis.