Sector

Research & Development Careers

Research and development performs scientific and technical research, often contracted from larger organizations. Hybrid work possible with high credential requirements.

860K
U.S. jobs
In this sector
$92K
Median salary
Across all roles
Research & Development jobs by metro area
Bubble size = total employment
Research & Development employment by metro · ~275 areas

Jobs per 100K workforce — measures industry density

BLS OEWS May 2024
Understanding this Sector
What it's like to work in Research & Development

Research and development creates new products, technologies, and knowledge — there's satisfaction in discovery, pushing boundaries, and work that shapes what's next. Many find meaning in innovation and intellectual exploration.

The challenge can come from uncertainty and long timelines. R&D doesn't guarantee results; projects fail. Timelines are often longer than business wants. Funding can be cut when companies face pressure. Translating research to products requires different skills.

The field varies by industry and stage. Pharmaceutical R&D differs from tech, materials, or consumer products. Basic research differs from applied or development. Corporate labs operate differently than universities, startups, or government labs.

For those who thrive here, the rewards are substantial: intellectual discovery, working on the new, contributing to advancement, and research-focused careers. If you're driven by innovation, patient with uncertainty, and want careers at the frontier, R&D offers exceptional opportunities.

How people break in

Advanced degrees (MS, PhD) are typical for research positions. Lab and research experience is essential. Publication record matters for academic paths. Technical expertise drives career development.

Work environment tends toward
Advanced degrees typicalLaboratory environmentPublication (academic)Funding-drivenTechnical depth
Industries it connects to
TechnologyHealthcareManufacturingHigher Education
Salary vs. national average
+30%
$92K median vs. $71K national
$239K$179K$119K$60K$0K$16K$37K$150K$239K*387 metro areas across 50 states, sorted by salary level →
Salary range across all research & development roles
Where your dollar goes furthest
1. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara$90K
2. Boulder$77K
3. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria$74K
4. Trenton-Princeton$70K
5. Durham-Chapel Hill$69K
BLS OEWS May 2024
* Top salaries exceed this figure. BLS caps reported wages at ~$240K to protect individual privacy in high-earning roles.

Median salaries range from ~$70K in mid-market metros to ~$102K in top-tier cities. But cost of living closes a lot of that gap — metros with lower regional price parities often offer the best purchasing power.

Highest paying
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara · $102K
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont · $87K
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria · $80K
Best purchasing power
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara · $90K adj.
Boulder · $77K adj.
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria · $74K adj.
Most jobs
New York · 24.8M
Los Angeles · 16.4M
Chicago · 12M
BLS OEWS May 2024 · BEA Regional Price Parities

What the data says about this sector

Beyond salary and job counts — signals that shape the day-to-day experience of working in Research & Development.

🚪
Annual Quit Rate
Based on all Professional Services data
25%
Higher than average turnover. This could indicate challenging conditions, seasonal work, or abundant external opportunities.
3%vs. 22% all industries
🏢
Typical Employer Size
Small-skewed
Small businesses dominate. More variety in roles but less formal structure and benefits.
87%
Small
<50
10%
Mid
50–249
3%
Large
250+
🏠
Remote / Hybrid Prevalence
Hybrid common
Many roles can be done remotely. Location flexibility is a realistic expectation.
Mostly on-siteHybrid commonRemote-first
📋
Credential Density
Moderate-high
Most roles don't require formal credentials. Skills and experience matter more than certificates.
Few credentialsSome requiredMany required
🤝
Union Presence
Based on all Professional Services data
~1%
Minimal union coverage means compensation is individually negotiated. Know your market rate going in.
1%vs. 11% all industries
BLS JOLTS 2024 · BLS QCEW 2024 · O*NET Work Context · BLS Union Members Summary 2024
Career Tracks

Career tracks in Research & Development

How jobs in this sector break down by function, and what they typically pay.

Engineering · Consulting engineers work on diverse projects across industries. Client variety, complex problems, path to PE license and partnership.
15%
$99K median
Explore →
Science · Research labs, testing facilities, and scientific consulting firms serving clients across industries with specialized expertise.
11%
$91K median
Explore →
Technology · IT consulting, software development firms, and tech services companies — building custom solutions and providing technical expertise to clients.
11%
$94K median
Explore →
Business Operations · Consulting firms, law offices, and agencies need you to keep the machine running. Client-facing pressure, high standards, fast pace. You'll learn operational excellence.
10%
$97K median
Explore →
Admin & Office · Law firms, consulting, and agencies run on admin excellence. High expectations, fast pace, client visibility. You'll master systems and become indispensable.
8%
$74K median
Explore →
Healthcare · Healthcare consulting, medical device sales support, and clinical research. Business side of healthcare with clinical background.
8%
$91K median
Explore →
Median salary for occupations employed within Research & Development. BLS OEWS May 2024.
Building a career in Research & Development? Truest helps you find the right role, understand the landscape, and plan your growth.
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FAQ

Common questions about Research & Development careers

What kinds of roles exist in Research & Development?

R&D employs research assistants and postdoctoral associates at entry levels, along with research scientists, research engineers, biochemists, and clinical researchers doing hands-on scientific work. Coordinators and project managers handle operations, while research managers, engineering directors, and senior scientists lead programs and teams.

How many people work in Research & Development?

Research and development employs approximately 860,330 workers across the country, spanning life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, clinical research, and environmental fields.

What does pay look like in R&D?

The median annual salary in research and development is around $92,410, reflecting the advanced education and specialized expertise most roles require. Entry-level research assistant and postdoctoral positions typically earn below the median, while senior scientists, research directors, and engineering leaders earn well above it.

Is there turnover in Research & Development?

The monthly quit rate is around 2.40%. Research roles tend to have moderate turnover — many scientists stay for multi-year projects, though postdoctoral and contract research positions often lead to movement between institutions or into industry.

What are common ways to enter Research & Development?

Most people enter through research assistant, postdoctoral associate, or field technician roles, typically requiring a bachelor's or advanced degree in a relevant science or engineering field. Clinical research coordinators are another accessible entry point. Advanced research and leadership roles generally require a PhD or significant applied experience.

Find where you fit in Research & Development

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Federal data: BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (May 2024) · BLS JOLTS 2024 · BLS QCEW 2024 · O*NET Work Context · BLS Employment Projections 2024–2034
Truest editorial: Industry narrative, sector context, career track mapping, working signals analysis.